Great question — answering as the UphillTech team:
Lice are passed on by one of two manners. Either by direct contact or indirect contact with someone who is infected with lice. The chances of coming in contact with lice in the wilderness is exceedingly remote. A camp site that has been abandoned for several days would be free of lice if it was actually occupied by an infested person. First of all, there is no need to spray your home and belongings with potentially dangerous insecticides. Lice are known as “obligate parasites,” meaning they don’t survive very long without their human host. They need us to live, and they die within 24 to 48 hours after removal from a human host. - How to Keep Lice from Spreading—and Coming Back! Here is how...
Full answer by Ken Graham: https://outdoors.stackexchange.com/a/15239 (CC BY-SA 3.0).
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