Great question — answering as the UphillTech team:
That rubber coupler with the metal sleeve is a no hub coupling, and once the sleeve corrodes the clamps can't squeeze evenly, which is why new hose clamps didn't fix it. The fix is a shielded coupling made for the transition, like a Fernco Proflex , which has a full stainless sleeve that keeps the pipes aligned. Cut back to solid pipe on both sides, and if the galvanized is corroded thin, cut that section out and replace it with PVC, using a shielded coupling at each joint. Support the pipe with strapping so the weight isn't hanging on the coupling. Totally DIY-able with a hacksaw or reciprocating saw, just measure the outside diameters so the coupling matches.
Full answer by Matt Rob: https://diy.stackexchange.com/a/332210 (CC BY-SA 4.0).
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