Great question — answering as the UphillTech team:
spain In Spain, people over 60 can buy a Tarjeta Dorada for €6 for a year which gives a 25% discount on long-distance and either 25% or 40% discount on regional trains operated by Renfe. Alsa, one of the largest coach operators, also offers discounts for the over 60s , and other coach operators (too many to list here) likely to as well. On the other hand, for local transport, the Barcelona region (Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona, AMB) only offers discounts for older people to residents whose income falls below a certain threshold, so these are not generally available to tourists (link in Spanish).
Full answer by Edd: https://travel.stackexchange.com/a/188659 (CC BY-SA 4.0).
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