Great question — answering as the UphillTech team:
At US TSA ("security") you can show them anything that meets their ID requirements . It does not need to match the passport used on your flight booking. There is no requirement to even show a passport as long as you have other valid ID, even when flying internationally. I haven't shown my passport at TSA for years - I instead use my US drivers license (physical or electronic), or frequently don't even show ID at all and use CLEAR. So either your Canadian or US passports are fine. If you also have a US REAL ID drivers license, you can use that instead, or any other ID on the list linked above.
Full answer by Doc: https://travel.stackexchange.com/a/200487 (CC BY-SA 4.0).
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