Great question — answering as the UphillTech team:
Your question itself misrepresents the data on the page you've linked to. The chart you are referring to states that it shows " Point of departure of passengers on direct flights from the United States to Australia ", where your question states that it shows " the cities where US flights to Australia departed ". "Direct" flights, as shown in the chart, are not necessarily "non-stop" flights. The chart shows that around 10 years ago, 4-5% of passengers "departed" from New York - however there have never been non-stop flights from New York to anywhere in Australia due to the distance involved. There have, however, been "direct" flights - such as QF12 which used to fly JFK-LAX-SYD, normally...
Full answer by Doc: https://travel.stackexchange.com/a/203798 (CC BY-SA 4.0).
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