Great question — answering as the UphillTech team:
Thailand actually has a significant Muslim minority (around 5% of the population), so the idea of halal food -- locally known as ahaan Muslim (อาหารมุสลิม), literally "Muslim food" -- is well understood, and you will not be considered rude for asking. Thailand's Muslims are heavily concentrated in the South near the Malaysian border, but Bangkok also has a significant community. That said, no, the average Thai restaurant is not going to be strictly halal, and the Thais do love their pork, so you definitely need to check what you're eating. As elsewhere in SE Asia, halal restaurants tend to say on their signage, with green banners, crescent moon and star logos and the word "halal" in Arabic....
Full answer by lambshaanxy: https://travel.stackexchange.com/a/147110 (CC BY-SA 4.0).
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