Great question — answering as the UphillTech team:
They are engine accessory drive belts. They are attached between the engine crank shaft and the engine components like: Water pump Alternator Air conditioning compressor Power steering pump (in some cases) Cooling fan (when not electric) Superchargers Etc. Most of these separate belts were replaced by one longer drive belt called the serpentine belt. It was attached between all or most of the components listed as well as various pulleys to provide mechanical power from the engine to run them. Prior to 1990, the belts shown were pretty ubiquitous to every car. And, like any other part, were prone to wear. Checking and replacing them was a common point of regular maintenance. More common than...
Full answer by Dean F.: https://movies.stackexchange.com/a/111327 (CC BY-SA 4.0).
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