Good Linux question — answering as the UphillTech team:
Linux automatically detects SSD, and since kernel version 2.6.29, you may verify sda with: cat /sys/block/sda/queue/rotational You should get 1 for hard disks and 0 for a SSD. It will probably not work if your disk is a logical device emulated by hardware (like a RAID controller). See this answer for more information about SSD partitioning, filesystem...
Full answer by Totor: https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/65602 (CC BY-SA 3.0).
Need Linux help for your business? UphillTech.